| State House of Assembly |
2011, 2015, 2019, 2023 |
INEC scanned pdfs retrieved from HQ (available through repository) |
Use of Claude-Sonnet to transfer to Excel, with manual corrections of processing errors. Elected consistently…Use of Claude-Sonnet to transfer to Excel, with manual corrections of processing errors. Elected consistently put to highest votes as INEC's 'declared elected' note was sometimes missing or in other row (assumed INEC error here); INEC errors in constituency names or duplicated results resolved through google searches. Matched to boundaries file through Claude-Sonnet supported fuzzy set matching with manual verification. show more |
Some constituency data missing in original files. 2023 file only has elected candidates. INEC original is…Some constituency data missing in original files. 2023 file only has elected candidates. INEC original is prone to errors for gender identification and party identification (mostly minor parties affected). Party identification has been corrected for major cases but not for all; no check was done for gender identification, only copied from INEC original. Elected candidates as reported on original pdf, users should be aware that seats often change due to court cases after elections and party switching is frequent (some notes discuss this but information is not comprehensive). show more |
| House of Representatives |
2023 |
INEC scanned pdf retrieved from HQ (available through repository) |
Use of Claude-Sonnet to transfer to Excel, with manual corrections of processing errors. Matched to…Use of Claude-Sonnet to transfer to Excel, with manual corrections of processing errors. Matched to boundaries file through Claude-Sonnet supported fuzzy set matching with manual verification. show more |
2023 file only has elected candidates. INEC original is prone to errors for gender identification; no check…2023 file only has elected candidates. INEC original is prone to errors for gender identification; no check was done for gender identification, only copied from INEC original. Elected candidates as reported on original pdf, users should be aware that seats often change due to court cases after elections and party switching is frequent (some notes discuss this but information is not comprehensive). show more |
| House of Representatives |
2019 |
CLEA archive, INEC results pdfs and INEC elected candidate list (also available through repository) |
Use of Claude-Sonnet to transfer INEC pdf to Excel. CLEA used as base with discrepancies with INEC…Use of Claude-Sonnet to transfer INEC pdf to Excel. CLEA used as base with discrepancies with INEC investigated further and reverted to INEC original when errors occurred. Notable issue: Because Nigerian House of Representatives seats are single-member constituencies, electoral regulations permit only one candidate per party per seat — so a candidate's individual vote count and their party's vote count should always be identical. In practice, CLEA's data sometimes shows these two figures differing for the same candidate. This is a byproduct of CLEA's own coding logic: when it detects what it interprets as multiple candidates running under the same party within a constituency, it sums their vote totals into a single party-vote figure (PV1) and repeats that summed value across every row for that party — a design intended for multi-member/PR systems, not single-member ones. Where this triggers in a Nigerian single-member seat, it's a signal that the true source of the problem is a party-name/acronym error in the original INEC results (e.g., two distinct, uniquely-coded parties mislabeled under the same acronym), not a genuine multi-candidate party entry. Wherever we identified this pattern, we reverted to the candidate-level vote count (CV1) and deduplicated the affected rows, adding a candidate-specific note in the data to flag where this correction was made. Matched to boundaries file through Claude-Sonnet supported fuzzy set matching with manual verification. show more |
INEC original is prone to errors for gender identification and (minor) party acronyms; no check was done for…INEC original is prone to errors for gender identification and (minor) party acronyms; no check was done for gender identification, only copied from INEC original. Some duplicate party acronyms may remain. Elected candidates as reported on original pdf, users should be aware that seats often change due to court cases after elections and party switching is frequent (some notes discuss this but information is not comprehensive). show more |
| House of Representatives |
2015 |
INEC scanned pdf retrieved from HQ (available through repository) |
Use of Claude-Sonnet to transfer to Excel, with manual corrections of processing errors. Elected consistently…Use of Claude-Sonnet to transfer to Excel, with manual corrections of processing errors. Elected consistently put to highest votes as INEC's 'declared elected' note was sometimes missing or in other row (assumed INEC error here); Matched to boundaries file through Claude-Sonnet supported fuzzy set matching with manual verification. show more |
INEC original is prone to errors for gender identification and (minor) party acronyms; no check was done for…INEC original is prone to errors for gender identification and (minor) party acronyms; no check was done for gender identification, only copied from INEC original. Some duplicate party acronyms may remain. Elected candidates as reported on original pdf, users should be aware that seats often change due to court cases after elections and party switching is frequent (some notes discuss this but information is not comprehensive). show more |
| House of Representatives |
2011 |
CLEA archive and INEC pdf (also available through repository) |
Use of Claude-Sonnet to transfer INEC pdf to Excel. CLEA used as base with discrepancies with INEC…Use of Claude-Sonnet to transfer INEC pdf to Excel. CLEA used as base with discrepancies with INEC investigated further and reverted to INEC original when errors occurred (row-specific notes included). Matched to boundaries file through Claude-Sonnet supported fuzzy set matching with manual verification. show more |
INEC original is prone to errors for gender identification and (minor) party acronyms; no check was done for…INEC original is prone to errors for gender identification and (minor) party acronyms; no check was done for gender identification, only copied from INEC original. Some duplicate party acronyms may remain. Elected candidates as reported on original pdf, users should be aware that seats often change due to court cases after elections and party switching is frequent (some notes discuss this but information is not comprehensive). show more |
| House of Representatives |
2007 |
Membership appendices in Uganwa (2014). Wikipedia membership list |
Use of Claude-Sonnet to transfer Uganwa pdf to Excel with manual verification. Uganwa crosscheck with wiki;…Use of Claude-Sonnet to transfer Uganwa pdf to Excel with manual verification. Uganwa crosscheck with wiki; changes reported in individual rows. Matched to boundaries file through Claude-Sonnet supported fuzzy set matching with manual verification. show more |
Not official INEC source. Some members reported may have not won the election on the day of, but gained their…Not official INEC source. Some members reported may have not won the election on the day of, but gained their seat later (e.g. through a court case) or may not have won on indicated party platform. Users should be aware that seats often change due to court cases and party switching is frequent (some notes discuss this but information is not comprehensive). show more |
| House of Representatives |
2003 |
Membership appendices in Uganwa (2014). Wikipedia membership list and membership list via Dawodu.com |
Use of Claude-Sonnet to transfer Uganwa pdf to Excel with manual verification. Uganwa crosscheck with wiki…Use of Claude-Sonnet to transfer Uganwa pdf to Excel with manual verification. Uganwa crosscheck with wiki and segundawodu; changes reported in individual rows. Matched to boundaries file through Claude-Sonnet supported fuzzy set matching with manual verification. show more |
Not official INEC source. Some members reported may have not won the election on the day of, but gained their…Not official INEC source. Some members reported may have not won the election on the day of, but gained their seat later (e.g. through a court case) or may not have won on indicated party platform. Users should be aware that seats often change due to court cases and party switching is frequent (some notes discuss this but information is not comprehensive). show more |
| House of Representatives |
1999 |
Membership appendices in Uganwa (2014). Wikipedia membership list; Lists via: Psephos – Adam Carr's Election…Membership appendices in Uganwa (2014). Wikipedia membership list; Lists via: Psephos – Adam Carr's Election Archive and Dawodu.com show more |
Use of Claude-Sonnet to transfer Uganwa pdf to Excel with manual verification. Uganwa crosscheck with wiki…Use of Claude-Sonnet to transfer Uganwa pdf to Excel with manual verification. Uganwa crosscheck with wiki and other sources; changes reported in individual rows. Matched to boundaries file through Claude-Sonnet supported fuzzy set matching with manual verification. show more |
Not official INEC source. Some members reported may have not won the election on the day of, but gained their…Not official INEC source. Some members reported may have not won the election on the day of, but gained their seat later (e.g. through a court case) or may not have won on indicated party platform. Users should be aware that seats often change due to court cases and party switching is frequent (some notes discuss this but information is not comprehensive). show more |
| Senate |
2023 |
INEC list of elected candidates (see repository) |
Use of Claude-Sonnet to transfer INEC pdf to Excel with manual verification. Matched to boundaries file…Use of Claude-Sonnet to transfer INEC pdf to Excel with manual verification. Matched to boundaries file through Claude-Sonnet supported fuzzy set matching with manual verification. show more |
2023 file only has elected candidates. INEC original is prone to errors for gender identification; no check…2023 file only has elected candidates. INEC original is prone to errors for gender identification; no check was done for gender identification, only copied from INEC original. Elected candidates as reported on original pdf, users should be aware that seats often change due to court cases after elections and party switching is frequent (some notes discuss this but information is not comprehensive). show more |
| Senate |
2019 |
CLEA archive and INEC pdfs (also available through repository) |
Use of Claude-Sonnet to transfer INEC pdf to Excel. CLEA used as base with discrepancies with INEC…Use of Claude-Sonnet to transfer INEC pdf to Excel. CLEA used as base with discrepancies with INEC investigated further and reverted to INEC original when errors occurred (row-specific notes included). Matched to boundaries file through Claude-Sonnet supported fuzzy set matching with manual verification. show more |
INEC original is prone to errors for gender identification and (minor) party acronyms; no check was done for…INEC original is prone to errors for gender identification and (minor) party acronyms; no check was done for gender identification, only copied from INEC original. Some duplicate party acronyms may remain. Elected candidates as reported on original pdf, users should be aware that seats often change due to court cases after elections and party switching is frequent (some notes discuss this but information is not comprehensive). show more |
| Senate |
2015 |
INEC scanned pdf retrieved from HQ (available through repository) |
Use of Claude-Sonnet to transfer to Excel, with manual corrections of processing errors. Elected consistently…Use of Claude-Sonnet to transfer to Excel, with manual corrections of processing errors. Elected consistently put to highest votes as INEC's 'declared elected' note was sometimes missing or in other row (assumed INEC error here); Matched to boundaries file through Claude-Sonnet supported fuzzy set matching with manual verification. show more |
INEC original is prone to errors for gender identification and (minor) party acronyms; no check was done for…INEC original is prone to errors for gender identification and (minor) party acronyms; no check was done for gender identification, only copied from INEC original. Some duplicate party acronyms may remain. Elected candidates as reported on original pdf, users should be aware that seats often change due to court cases after elections and party switching is frequent (some notes discuss this but information is not comprehensive). show more |
| Senate |
2011 |
CLEA archive |
Use of Claude-Sonnet to transfer from CLEA to own Excel format, with manual spotchecks. Check for discrepancy…Use of Claude-Sonnet to transfer from CLEA to own Excel format, with manual spotchecks. Check for discrepancy between party and candidate votes in CLEA (see specific row notes). Matched to boundaries file through Claude-Sonnet supported fuzzy set matching with manual verification. show more |
Elected candidates as reported by CLEA, users should be aware that seats often change due to court cases…Elected candidates as reported by CLEA, users should be aware that seats often change due to court cases after elections and party switching is frequent (some notes discuss this but information is not comprehensive). show more |
| Senate |
2007 |
Membership appendices in Uganwa (2014). Wikipedia membership list |
Use of Claude-Sonnet to transfer Uganwa pdf to Excel with manual verification. Uganwa crosscheck with wiki;…Use of Claude-Sonnet to transfer Uganwa pdf to Excel with manual verification. Uganwa crosscheck with wiki; changes reported in individual rows. Matched to boundaries file through Claude-Sonnet supported fuzzy set matching with manual verification. show more |
Not official INEC source. Some members reported may have not won the election on the day of, but gained their…Not official INEC source. Some members reported may have not won the election on the day of, but gained their seat later (e.g. through a court case) or may not have won on indicated party platform. Users should be aware that seats often change due to court cases and party switching is frequent (some notes discuss this but information is not comprehensive). show more |
| Senate |
2003 |
Membership appendices in Uganwa (2014). Wikipedia membership list |
Use of Claude-Sonnet to transfer Uganwa pdf to Excel with manual verification. Uganwa crosscheck with wiki;…Use of Claude-Sonnet to transfer Uganwa pdf to Excel with manual verification. Uganwa crosscheck with wiki; changes reported in individual rows. Matched to boundaries file through Claude-Sonnet supported fuzzy set matching with manual verification. show more |
Not official INEC source. Some members reported may have not won the election on the day of, but gained their…Not official INEC source. Some members reported may have not won the election on the day of, but gained their seat later (e.g. through a court case) or may not have won on indicated party platform. Users should be aware that seats often change due to court cases and party switching is frequent (some notes discuss this but information is not comprehensive). show more |
| Senate |
1999 |
Membership appendices in Uganwa (2014). Wikipedia membership list |
Use of Claude-Sonnet to transfer Uganwa pdf to Excel with manual verification. Uganwa crosscheck with wiki;…Use of Claude-Sonnet to transfer Uganwa pdf to Excel with manual verification. Uganwa crosscheck with wiki; changes reported in individual rows. Matched to boundaries file through Claude-Sonnet supported fuzzy set matching with manual verification. show more |
Not official INEC source. Some members reported may have not won the election on the day of, but gained their…Not official INEC source. Some members reported may have not won the election on the day of, but gained their seat later (e.g. through a court case) or may not have won on indicated party platform. Users should be aware that seats often change due to court cases and party switching is frequent (some notes discuss this but information is not comprehensive). show more |
| Gubernatorial |
2023 |
State-specific wiki pages, e.g. Wikipedia and BBC overview and collation of additional news reports (reported…State-specific wiki pages, e.g. Wikipedia and BBC overview and collation of additional news reports (reported in data file). show more |
Use of Claude-Sonnet to put data into Excel format, with manual spotchecks, and find additional sources.…Use of Claude-Sonnet to put data into Excel format, with manual spotchecks, and find additional sources. Matched to boundaries through Claude-Sonnet supported fuzzy set matching with manual verification. show more |
Results may have changed after election due to court cases. LGA sums of party votes do not necessarily…Results may have changed after election due to court cases. LGA sums of party votes do not necessarily correspond perfectly to state totals. Discrepancies noted in 4th sheet of datafile. It is not likely that discrepancies result from fundamental errors or have large repercussions. Additional source urls reported next to the elected candidate in the alphabetically first LGA of a state in a given year. show more |
| Gubernatorial |
2019 |
Available via INEC pdfs (see also repository). State-specific wiki pages: Wikipedia and collation of…Available via INEC pdfs (see also repository). State-specific wiki pages: Wikipedia and collation of additional news reports (reported in data file). show more |
Use of Claude-Sonnet to put pdf and online data into Excel format, with manual verification for processing…Use of Claude-Sonnet to put pdf and online data into Excel format, with manual verification for processing errors, and find additional sources. Matched to boundaries through Claude-Sonnet supported fuzzy set matching with manual verification. show more |
Results may have changed after election due to court cases. LGA sums of party votes do not necessarily…Results may have changed after election due to court cases. LGA sums of party votes do not necessarily correspond perfectly to state totals. Discrepancies noted in 4th sheet of datafile. It is not likely that discrepancies result from fundamental errors or have large repercussions. Additional source urls reported next to the elected candidate in the alphabetically first LGA of a state in a given year. show more |
| Gubernatorial |
2015 |
State-specific wiki pages, e.g. Wikipedia and collation of additional news reports (reported in data file). |
Use of Claude-Sonnet to put data into Excel format, with manual spotchecks, and find additional sources.…Use of Claude-Sonnet to put data into Excel format, with manual spotchecks, and find additional sources. Matched to boundaries through Claude-Sonnet supported fuzzy set matching with manual verification. show more |
Results may have changed after election due to court cases. LGA sums of party votes do not necessarily…Results may have changed after election due to court cases. LGA sums of party votes do not necessarily correspond perfectly to state totals. Discrepancies noted in 4th sheet of datafile. It is not likely that discrepancies result from fundamental errors or have large repercussions. Additional source urls reported next to the elected candidate in the alphabetically first LGA of a state in a given year. show more |
| Gubernatorial |
2011 |
State-specific wiki pages, e.g. Wikipedia and africanelections |
Use of Claude-Sonnet to put data into Excel format, with manual spotchecks. Matched to boundaries file…Use of Claude-Sonnet to put data into Excel format, with manual spotchecks. Matched to boundaries file through Claude-Sonnet supported fuzzy set matching with manual verification. show more |
Results may have changed after election due to court cases. |
| Gubernatorial |
2007 |
State-specific wiki pages, e.g. Wikipedia |
Use of Claude-Sonnet to put data into Excel format, with manual spotchecks. Matched to boundaries file…Use of Claude-Sonnet to put data into Excel format, with manual spotchecks. Matched to boundaries file through Claude-Sonnet supported fuzzy set matching with manual verification. show more |
Results may have changed after election due to court cases. |
| Gubernatorial |
2003 |
State-specific wiki pages, e.g. Wikipedia and africanelections |
Use of Claude-Sonnet to put data into Excel format, with manual spotchecks. Matched to boundaries file…Use of Claude-Sonnet to put data into Excel format, with manual spotchecks. Matched to boundaries file through Claude-Sonnet supported fuzzy set matching with manual verification. show more |
Results may have changed after election due to court cases. |
| Gubernatorial |
1999 |
State-specific wiki pages, e.g. Wikipedia |
Use of Claude-Sonnet to put data into Excel format, with manual spotchecks. Matched to boundaries file…Use of Claude-Sonnet to put data into Excel format, with manual spotchecks. Matched to boundaries file through Claude-Sonnet supported fuzzy set matching with manual verification. show more |
Results may have changed after election due to court cases. |
| Gubernatorial |
misc. offcycle years |
INEC images for 2020 (see also repository), state-specific Wikipedia pages and collation of additional news…INEC images for 2020 (see also repository), state-specific Wikipedia pages and collation of additional news reports (reported in data file). show more |
Use of Claude-Sonnet to find additional sources and manual spotchecks. Matched to boundaries through…Use of Claude-Sonnet to find additional sources and manual spotchecks. Matched to boundaries through Claude-Sonnet supported fuzzy set matching with manual verification. show more |
Results may have changed after election due to court cases. LGA sums of party votes do not necessarily…Results may have changed after election due to court cases. LGA sums of party votes do not necessarily correspond perfectly to state totals. Discrepancies noted in 4th sheet of datafile. It is not likely that discrepancies result from fundamental errors or have large repercussions. Additional source urls reported next to the determined leading candidate in the alphabetically first LGA of a state in a given year. show more |
| Presidential |
2023 |
Dataphyte; Wikipedia's general and state-specific pages and Stears; LGA-level INEC pdf via Veza News (see also…Dataphyte; Wikipedia's general and state-specific pages and Stears; LGA-level INEC pdf via Veza News (see also repository) and Center for Collaborative Investigative Journalism (CCIJ) LGA data-file via GitHub repository show more |
Use of Claude-Sonnet to put data into Excel format, with manual spotchecks. LGA-level results have valid…Use of Claude-Sonnet to put data into Excel format, with manual spotchecks. LGA-level results have valid votes added from manual reading original INEC file (which contains scanned handwritten vote counts); manual process led to some corrections relative to CGIJ file noted in specific rows in data file. Matched to boundaries through Claude-Sonnet supported fuzzy set matching with manual verification. show more |
LGA/state sums of party votes do not necessarily correspond perfectly to…LGA/state sums of party votes do not necessarily correspond perfectly to state/country totals. Discrepancies noted in 4th sheet of datafile. It is not likely that discrepancies result from fundamental errors or have large repercussions. show more |
| Presidential |
2019 |
Wikipedia results |
Use of Claude-Sonnet to put data into Excel format, with manual spotchecks. Matched to boundaries through…Use of Claude-Sonnet to put data into Excel format, with manual spotchecks. Matched to boundaries through Claude-Sonnet supported fuzzy set matching with manual verification. show more |
state sums of party votes do not necessarily correspond perfectly to country…state sums of party votes do not necessarily correspond perfectly to country totals. Discrepancies noted in 4th sheet of datafile. It is not likely that discrepancies result from fundamental errors or have large repercussions. show more |
| Presidential |
2015 |
Available via INEC pdf (see also repository); LGA-level: supplementary data file for LeVan et al. (2018) (coll…Available via INEC pdf (see also repository); LGA-level: supplementary data file for LeVan et al. (2018) (collation news reports). show more |
Use of Claude-Sonnet to put data into Excel format, with manual spotchecks. Matched to boundaries through…Use of Claude-Sonnet to put data into Excel format, with manual spotchecks. Matched to boundaries through Claude-Sonnet supported fuzzy set matching with manual verification. show more |
LGA/state sums of party votes do not necessarily correspond perfectly to…LGA/state sums of party votes do not necessarily correspond perfectly to state/country totals. Discrepancies noted in 4th sheet of datafile. It is not likely that discrepancies result from fundamental errors or have large repercussions. show more |
| Presidential |
2011 |
EiE Nigeria, "2011 General Elections" (8 Feb 2015); LGA-level: supplementary data file for LeVan et …EiE Nigeria, "2011 General Elections" (8 Feb 2015); LGA-level: supplementary data file for LeVan et al. (2018) (citing INEC) show more |
Use of Claude-Sonnet to put data into Excel format, with manual spotchecks. Matched to boundaries through…Use of Claude-Sonnet to put data into Excel format, with manual spotchecks. Matched to boundaries through Claude-Sonnet supported fuzzy set matching with manual verification. show more |
LGA/state sums of party votes do not necessarily correspond perfectly to…LGA/state sums of party votes do not necessarily correspond perfectly to state/country totals. Discrepancies noted in 4th sheet of datafile. It is not likely that discrepancies result from fundamental errors or have large repercussions. show more |
| Presidential |
2007 |
No state-breakdown available |
— |
— |
| Presidential |
2003 |
Electoral Geography 2.0, "Nigeria. Presidential Election 2003" |
Use of Claude-Sonnet to put data into Excel format, with manual spotchecks. Matched to boundaries through…Use of Claude-Sonnet to put data into Excel format, with manual spotchecks. Matched to boundaries through Claude-Sonnet supported fuzzy set matching with manual verification. show more |
state sums of party votes do not necessarily correspond perfectly to country…state sums of party votes do not necessarily correspond perfectly to country totals. Discrepancies noted in 4th sheet of datafile. It is not likely that discrepancies result from fundamental errors or have large repercussions. show more |
| Presidential |
1999 |
Electoral Geography 2.0, "Nigeria. Presidential Election 1999" |
Use of Claude-Sonnet to put data into Excel format, with manual spotchecks. Matched to boundaries through…Use of Claude-Sonnet to put data into Excel format, with manual spotchecks. Matched to boundaries through Claude-Sonnet supported fuzzy set matching with manual verification. show more |
state sums of party votes do not necessarily correspond perfectly to country…state sums of party votes do not necessarily correspond perfectly to country totals. Discrepancies noted in 4th sheet of datafile. It is not likely that discrepancies result from fundamental errors or have large repercussions. show more |